Climate change has become one of the most serious global issues that affects various aspects of life, including flooding. Floods, as one of the most common natural disasters, are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. This phenomenon not only has an impact on the environment, but also on the economy, public health and social stability. One of the main causes of flooding related to climate change is increasing global temperatures. Higher temperatures cause increased evaporation, resulting in more rainfall. According to data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), extreme rainfall is predicted to increase in many regions of the world, especially in areas that are already vulnerable to flooding. Apart from that, the ice at the poles is also melting. Melting ice affects ocean levels, contributing to sea level rise. Coastal areas around the world such as Jakarta, Venice and Miami are increasingly threatened by coastal flooding, which puts large populations at risk. Sea level rise also causes seawater intrusion, which damages freshwater sources and agriculture. Large cities around the world face major challenges in stormwater management and drainage systems. With increasing rainfall, much of the infrastructure designed to deal with flooding has become inadequate. For example, New Orleans, after being hit hard by Hurricane Katrina, has invested in sustainable flood control systems, but challenges remain. In the agricultural sector, floods caused by climate change cause huge losses. Plants submerged in water cannot grow well, and when the floodwaters recede, the soil can be contaminated with dangerous substances. This not only threatens food security but also increases food prices around the world. Public health is also affected by more frequent flooding. Floods often cause disease outbreaks, ranging from cholera to dengue fever. Wet environments provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes and pathogens, increasing the risk of infectious diseases. In addition to physical impacts, climate change-related flooding also creates social challenges. Many communities were forced to move, causing social and economic instability. Forced migration due to flooding creates more pressure on cities receiving migrants, as well as increasing the potential for conflict. In an effort to overcome the impact of climate change on flooding, mitigation and adaptation approaches must be applied. Mitigation involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions, while adaptation includes developing more resilient infrastructure and better water management practices. Investments in advanced technology, such as weather monitoring systems and flood forecasting, are also critical to preparing for and mitigating risks. From a policy perspective, international collaboration is absolutely necessary. Countries must work together to share technology, resources and knowledge to address the impacts of climate change. It also includes developing emergency plans to deal with floods and other natural disasters. Facing this challenge, public awareness and education about flood risks and climate change need to be increased. With better knowledge, individuals can take steps to mitigate risks, such as not building in flood-prone areas and participating in environmental conservation programs. Climate change and flooding are two closely related phenomena. Every effort to mitigate climate change can slow the increase in the frequency and intensity of flooding. Therefore, tackling climate change must be an urgent global agenda.
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